Special Exhibition: The Impact of a Changing Landscape
The Impact of a Changing Landscape
New for 2026, a new exhibit looking at how and why the Cambridgeshire landscape changed, and how these changes affected the people who lived there.
Discover MoreThe Impact of a Changing Landscape
When exploring Cambridgeshire, you will see a flat landscape with long, straight rivers and deep ditches. What is fascinating is that these features were actually man-made. The transformation of the Fens did not happen overnight, but over many years due to something called “drainage”.
In the Fens, drainage has a specific meaning – the pumping or moving of water from land into man-made drainage ditches and channels.
If you travelled back in time, your surroundings would be very different; not only would the houses, clothes, and even the means of transportation be different, but the landscape itself would be almost unrecognisable.
In this exhibit, you will explore how and why this landscape changed, and how it affected the people who lived there.
As part of this project, we worked with volunteers to bring to life two poems from the 1600s. Using the voices of the Cambridgeshire Fens today to bring alive the words of the past.
The first poem is “The Powtes Complaint” (1611) and the second “A True and Natural Description of the Great Level of the Fenns” (1685).
To listen to this recording, please click below.
Thank you to all who took part in this project!
A Changing Landscape Poems
The Powtes Complaint, by an unknown author, dates to 1611 and is a protest poem and one of the first environmental protest poems in the UK. It is thought that the poem is from the point of view of either the local fenland people or the river wildlife. The term powte may refer to a fish similar to a modern burbot.
A True and Natural Description of the Great Level of the Fenns, which dates to 1685, was seen to celebrate the draining of the fens and the progress it made. The poem is thought to have been written by Samuel Fortray, who was a landowner and a bailiff for the Bedford Level Company.
Come, Brethren of the water and let us all assemble
To treat upon this matter, which makes us quake and tremble;
For we shall rue, if it be true, that the Fens be undertaken,
And where we feed in Fen and Reed, they’ll feed both Beef and Bacon.
They’ll sow both beans and oats where never man yet thought it,
Where men did row in boat, ere the undertakers bought it:
But, Ceres, thou behold us now, let wild oats be their venture,
Oh let the frog and miry bogs destory where they do enter.
Behold the great design, which they do now determine,
Will make our bodies pine, a prey to cows and vermine:
For they do mean all Fens to drain, and waters overmaster,
All will be dry, and we must die, ‘cause Essex calves want pasture.
Away with boats and rudder, farewell both boots and skatches,
No need of one nor th’other, men now make better matched;
Stilt-makers all and tanners shall complain of this disaster;
For they will make each muddy lake for Essex calves a pasture.
This is the first four stanzas of a ten-stanza poem, and was first published in 1662 by William Dugdale
I Sing no Battels fought, nor Armies foil’d,
Nor Cities raz’d, nor Commonwealths embroil’d,
Nor any History, which may move your tears,
Or raise your Spleens, or multiply your Fears;
But I bespeak your wonder, your delight,
And would your Emulation fain invite.
I sing Floods muzled, and the Ocean tam’d,
Luxurious Rivers govern’d, and reclam’d,
Waters with Banks confin’d, as in a Gaol,
Till kinder Sluces let them go on Bail;
Streams curb’d with Dammes like bridles, taught t’ obey,
And run as strait, as if they saw their way.
I sing of heaps of Water turn’d to Land,
Like an Elixar by the Chymist’s hand,
of Dropsies cur’d, where not one limb was sound,
The Liver rotted, all the Vitals drown’d.
No late discover’d Isle, nor old Plantation,
New christned, but a kind of New Creation.
This is the first three stanzas of a thirty-six-stanza poem, originally published in the “History or Narrative of the Great Level of the Fens”
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